Exploring the Future: The Role of Fathers in Strengthening Maternal-Child Health during Flood-Related Disasters

Josephine Francis Xavier

doi:10.25071/1929-8471.156

Authors

Josephine Francis Xavier Nursing, and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Health, York university https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7248-8506

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25071/1929-8471.156

Keywords:

Disaster preparedness, Father support, Disaster resilience, Maternal-child health, Policy development, Community involvement

Abstract

Introduction: Natural disasters, particularly floods, significantly impact maternal and child health, leading to increased premature births, fetal growth restrictions, and maternal stress, along with disrupted access to healthcare services. While research on disaster resilience is growing, the role of fathers in disaster preparedness and response remains overlooked. This paper highlights the essential role fathers play in enhancing maternal and child health resilience during natural disasters, contrasting previous research that primarily focused on maternal health. It aims to emphasize the importance of fathers' support in mitigating the effects of disasters on maternal and child health and promoting family and community resilience during natural calamities. Methods: This study employs a state-of-the-art review approach to synthesize findings from 19 peer-reviewed studies, policy reports, and case studies published between January 2023 and December 2024. A systematic search was conducted using Google Scholar, focusing on terms such as "fathers’ roles," "flood disasters," and "disaster resilience." Findings: The review underscores that father involvement in disaster preparedness, emotional support, and healthcare access can reduce maternal stress, enhance infant care, and promote family recovery. Case studies from the Iowa floods, Hurricanes Irma and María, and the El Niño floods in Peru illustrate the positive impact of father engagement in disaster response. The PRIMED framework—prevention, Risk Assessment, Intervention, Mitigation, Emergency Preparedness, Disaster Recovery, Rehabilitation, and Reconstruction—is proposed as an actionable model for integrating fathers into disaster management strategies. Discussion: Fathers' engagement in disaster preparedness complements maternal caregiving and strengthens community-level resilience. However, sociocultural norms, policy gaps, and lack of training often limit their participation. Integrating father-focused disaster preparedness programs, including formal training, psychosocial support, and healthcare accessibility initiatives, is essential for fostering long-term mother and child wellbeing. Conclusion: Disaster resilience strategies must move beyond a mother-centric approach and recognize the crucial role of fathers in protecting maternal and child health during crises. Policymakers and healthcare professionals should incorporate father-inclusive frameworks into disaster management policies to ensure equitable and practical family support systems during emergencies.

Keywords: Disaster preparedness, Father support, Disaster resilience, Maternal-child health, Policy development, Community involvement.

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